Amathemba Entuthuko kanye Namathuba Embonini Yezinsiza Zezokwelapha Zokuvuselela

Njengoba kusenegebe elikhulu phakathi kwemboni yezokwelapha yokuvuselela izwe lami kanye nohlelo lwezokwelapha lokuvuselela oluvuthiwe emazweni athuthukile, kusenesikhala esikhulu sokukhula embonini yezokwelapha yokuvuselela, okuzoqhuba intuthuko yemboni yezokwelapha yokuvuselela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kucatshangelwa ukwanda kwenani labantu abadinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kokuvuselela kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhono lezakhamuzi kanye nokuzimisela ukukhokha ngenxa yokumbozwa okuphelele komshwalense wezokwelapha, amandla okuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezokwelapha yokuvuselela asemakhulu.

1. Isikhala esibanzi sokukhula kwemboni yezokwelapha zokuvuselela siqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha zokuvuselela

Nakuba isidingo sokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kokuvuselelwa ezweni lakithi sikhula futhi uhlelo lwezokwelapha lokuvuselelwa kwezokwelapha olusezingeni eliphezulu nalo lusenqubweni yokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, izinsiza zezokwelapha zokuvuselelwa zigxile kakhulu ezibhedlela ezijwayelekile zezinga eliphezulu, ezisahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezokwelapha zokuvuselelwa kweziguli ezisesigabeni esibucayi sesifo. Uhlelo lokuvuselelwa oluphelele olunezinga ezintathu emazweni athuthukile alugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zithola izinsizakalo zokuvuselelwa ezifanele, kodwa futhi nokudluliselwa ngesikhathi ukuze kongiwe izindleko zezokwelapha.

Uma sithatha i-United States njengesibonelo, ukuvuselelwa kwesigaba sesithathu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ezikhungweni zokuvuselelwa kwesigaba esiphuthumayo, ikakhulukazi iziguli ezisesigabeni esiphuthumayo ukuze zingenelele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ezibhedlela eziphuthumayo noma ezibhedlela ezijwayelekile ukuze zenze ukuvuselelwa eceleni kombhede; ukuvuselelwa kwesibili ngokuvamile kwenziwa ezikhungweni zokwelapha zesigaba sesibili, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuba isimo sesiguli sesizinzile, sidluliselwa esibhedlela sokuvuselelwa ukuze sithole ukwelashwa kokuvuselelwa; ukuvuselelwa kwesigaba sokuqala ngokuvamile kwenziwa ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside (imitholampilo yokuvuselelwa kanye nemitholampilo yomphakathi yangaphandle, njll.), ikakhulukazi lapho iziguli zingadingi ukulaliswa esibhedlela futhi zingadluliselwa ekuvuselelweni komphakathi kanye nomndeni.

Njengoba ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yesistimu yezokwelapha yokuvuselela kudinga ukuthenga inani elikhulu lemishini yezokwelapha yokuvuselela, uMnyango Wezempilo ukhiphe "Iziqondiso Zokwakhiwa Nokuphathwa Kweminyango Yezokwelapha Yokuvuselela Ezibhedlela Ezijwayelekile" ngo-2011 kanye "Nezindinganiso Eziyisisekelo Zeminyango Yezokwelapha Yokuvuselela Ezibhedlela Ezijwayelekile (Isivivinyo)" ezikhishwe ngo-2012 njenge Isibonelo, izibhedlela ezijwayelekile ezingeni lesi-2 nangaphezulu zidinga ukusungulwa kweminyango yezokwelapha yokuvuselela, futhi zidinga ukucushwa kwemishini yezokwelapha yokuvuselela ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa okulandelayo kwemishini yezokwelapha yokuvuselela kuzoletha inani elikhulu lezidingo zokuthengwa kwemishini yezokwelapha yokuvuselela, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhubekisele phambili yonke imboni yemishini yezokwelapha yokuvuselela.

2. Ukukhula kwabantu abadinga ukuvuselelwa

Njengamanje, abantu abadinga ukuvuselelwa bakhiwa kakhulu ngabantu abasanda kuhlinzwa, abantu asebekhulile, abantu abagula kakhulu kanye nabantu abakhubazekile.

Ukuvuselelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuyisidingo esinzima. Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kubangela ukulimala kwengqondo nokomzimba ezigulini. Ukuntuleka kokuvuselelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kungaholela kalula ebuhlungwini nasezinkingeni ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuyilapho ukuvuselelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kungasiza iziguli ukuba zilulame ngokushesha ekuhluphekeni kokuhlinzwa, kuvimbele ukwenzeka kwezinkinga, futhi kuthuthukise impilo yeziguli. Umoya nokubuyisela ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba. Ngo-2017, inani lokuhlinzwa kwangaphakathi ezikhungweni zezokwelapha nezempilo ezweni lami lafinyelela ezigidini ezingama-50, kwathi ngo-2018, lafinyelela ezigidini ezingama-58. Kulindeleke ukuthi inani leziguli ngemva kokuhlinzwa lizoqhubeka nokukhula esikhathini esizayo, okuqhuba ukwanda okuqhubekayo kohlangothi lwesidingo semboni yezokwelapha yokuvuselela.

Ukukhula kweqembu labantu asebekhulile kuzoletha ugqozi oluqinile ekukhuleni kwesidingo embonini yezokwelapha yokuvuselela. Umkhuba wokuguga kwabantu ezweni lakithi usuvele ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-"Research Report on the Development Trend of Population Aging in China" ye-National Aging Office, isikhathi kusukela ngo-2021 kuya ku-2050 yisigaba sokuguga okusheshayo kwabantu bezwe lami, futhi inani labantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala lizokhula kusukela ngo-2018. lisuka ku-17.9% liye ngaphezu kwama-30% ngo-2050. Inani elikhulu lamaqembu amasha abantu asebekhulile lizoletha ukwanda okukhulu kwesidingo sezinsizakalo zezokwelapha zokuvuselela kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha okuvuselela, ikakhulukazi ukwanda kweqembu labantu asebekhulile abanokukhubazeka ngokomzimba noma ukukhubazeka, okuzoqhuba ukwanda kwesidingo samadivayisi ezokwelapha okuvuselela.


Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-20-2022